tutankhamun

Divine Earrings for a Truly Extraordinary Pharaoh

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These earrings are the most striking of the four pairs found in Tutankhamun’s tomb. The ducks with outstretched wings create a circular shape, and their feet hold the shen symbol. The head is made of translucent blue glass, while the wing is crafted in cloisonné.

Earrings-of-Tutankhamun-with-Duck-Heads via https://egypt-museum.com/

Hanging below the duck are gold and blue glass beads, each featuring five uraei (rearing cobras). The earrings show a high level of aesthetic sophistication, and the duck held a particular erotic significance.

Let’s appreciate and enjoy Marie Grillot‘s vivid portrayal of this captivating divine gem.

(It’s clear I am not happy about naming a character in this article, but I am committed to getting the translation right; just to mention!)

Tutankhamun’s Blue Bird Earrings

via égyptophile

Bluebird Earrings – Gold, glass, quartz, travertine, faience – 18th Dynasty
From the treasure chamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb, discovered in November 1922
by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings (KV 62)
Ref.: Carter 269a(1) – JE 61969-a – GEM 485

These “bluebird earrings,” as Christiane Desroches Noblecourt aptly called them, and these “gold-encrusted earrings in the shape of an ousekh necklace with a blue glass falcon,” as Zahi Hawass describes them, are one of five pairs found in Tutankhamun’s treasure.

The “Blue Bird” Earrings – gold, glass, quartz, travertine, faience – 18th Dynasty
In the rectangular box 269a, placed in chest 269
From the treasure chamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb, discovered in November 1922
by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings (KV 62)
Ref.: Carter 269a(1) – JE 61969-a – GEM 485-a
The Griffith Institute – Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
The Howard Carter Archives – Photographs by Harry Burton

They had all been deposited in a rectangular box (number 269a) placed in a charming wooden chest (number 269). Shaped like a cartouche, it is topped with a flat lid, decorated with the king’s birth name written in delicate colored hieroglyphs. It can be identified, “in situ”, in the photos taken by Harry Burton in the “Treasury Room” whose “official opening” took place on February 17, 1923.

With a height of 12.1 cm and a width of 4.4 cm, these earrings are made of “gold, glass paste, translucent blue glass and pale orange-white-blue melted glass” for Christiane Desroches Noblecourt. At the same time, Zahi Hawass sees, instead, in the gold inlays, besides the glass, quartz, travertine and earthenware…

Bluebird Earrings – Gold, glass, quartz, travertine, faience – 18th Dynasty
From the treasure chamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb, discovered in November 1922
by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings (KV 62)
Ref.: Carter 269a(1) – JE 61969-a – GEM 485-a
Published here in the exhibition catalogue “Tutankhamun and His Time” (1963)

Their heavy and imposing suspension system consists of two tubes, one sliding inside the other, which are passed through the lobe involving an extensive “perforation”. These two elements “are decorated on both sides: at the rear, a hemispherical boss (0.85 cm, diam.) of translucent quartz lined with pigment; at the front, a hemispherical boss (0.95 cm, diam.) of translucent quartz supported by a pigment, forming a solar disk, with two uraei” specify Howard Carter and Alfred Lucas.

The central element consists of a bird with outstretched wings curved inwards, which makes them meet almost forming a circle. They are, like the body, worked according to the cloisonné method… For Zahi Hawass: “The wings of the falcon, and the details at the place where they meet, form a large collar called usekh”.

Bluebird Earrings – Gold, glass, quartz, travertine, faience – 18th Dynasty
From the treasure chamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb, discovered in November 1922
by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings (KV 62)
Ref.: Carter 269a(1) – JE 61969-a – GEM 485-a

The bird’s head, which does not resemble that of a falcon, cannot but raise questions, just as it raised questions for Howard Carter: “It is interesting to note that the sun falcon, Herakhtes, has, for some inexplicable reason, the head of a mallard (Anas boscas) in semi-translucent blue glass”…

The bird’s legs are almost horizontal and the talons enclose a shen sign, a symbol of eternity…

The “Blue Bird” Earrings – gold, glass, quartz, travertine, faience – 18th Dynasty – at the time of their discovery
from the treasure chamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb, discovered in November 1922
by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings (KV 62)
ref.: carter 269a(1) – JE 61969-a – GEM 485-a
The Griffith Institute – Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
The Howard Carter Archives – Photographs by Harry Burton

Under its tail, a slightly curved gold plate, decorated with pellets, serves as a hook for the lower part of the loops. It is composed of curious “flexible hanging appendages, composed of openwork plates with a geometric pattern interlaced by five rows of blue and gold cylindrical beads, ending in five uraei heads” (“Tutankhamun and his era”)… When discovered, as Harry Burton’s photos show, these “tassels” were fragmentary and in poor condition… A successful restoration has restored them to their original appearance.

Howard Carter noted that these ear ornaments had signs of wear, indicating that they had been worn, most likely until adolescence, by the young king… He did note, during the examination of Tutankhamun’s mummy, that his earlobes were pierced. In “The Tomb of Tutankhamun – The Annexe and Treasury”, he adds this interesting detail: “The gold mask that covered his head also had pierced earlobes, but the holes had been carefully filled with small discs of thin gold leaf, suggesting a desire to conceal this fact”…

Bluebird Earrings – Gold, glass, quartz, travertine, faience – 18th Dynasty
From the treasure chamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb, discovered in November 1922
by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings (KV 62)
Ref.: Carter 269a(1) – JE 61969-a – GEM 485-a
The Griffith Institute – Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
The Howard Carter Archives – Photographs by Harry Burton

This pair of earrings, Carter 269a(1), has been transferred to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, where it was recorded in the Journal of Entries under the reference JE 61969. Its new reference at the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza is GEM 485-a.

It should be noted that one of the earrings was featured in the exhibition “Tutankhamun, the Pharaoh’s Treasure”, whose initial worldwide tour, which began in 2018, was reduced to Los Angeles, Paris, and London due to the pandemic.

Marie Grillot

Sources:

The Griffith Institute – Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation – The Howard Carter Archives – Description in Murray-Nuttall Handlist – Pair of ear-rings – JE 61969; Card/Transcription No.: 269a1-1
http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/carter/269a(1)-c269a1-1.html
http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/carter/269a(1)-p1471.html
Christiane Desroches Noblecourt, Life and Death of a Pharaoh, Hachette, 1963
Christiane Desroches Noblecourt, Tutankhamun and His Time, Petit Palais, Paris, 17 February-July 1967, Ministry of State for Cultural Affairs, 1967
Cyril Aldred, Jewels of the Pharaohs, ed. Thames & Hudson Ltd., London, 1978
Nicholas Reeves, Tutankhamun: Life, Death, and Discovery of a Pharaoh, Editions Errance, 2003
Howard Carter, The Tomb of Tutankhamun, Volume 3: The Annexe and Treasury, Bloomsbury, London, 2014
Marc Gabolde, Tutankhamun: Pygmalion, 2015
Zahi Hawass, Exhibition Catalogue “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh,” IMG Melcher Media, 2018

A Holy Beetle for a Young Pharaoh’s Divine Fortune

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This impressive piece is another fascinating treasure, not because of the quantity of it by using jewellery to make it but because of its inner precious spiritual quality.

The scarab beetle was a revered symbol in ancient Egyptian culture, associated with gods like Jepri and Ra. Tutankhamun, an Egyptian pharaoh, had a gold scarab bracelet adorned with precious stones like turquoise and lapis lazuli. The Egypt-museum.com report describes the bracelet as having an incredible design.

Via Meisterdrucke


Scarab bracelets, resembling scarab beetles, were popular in ancient Egypt. They were made of gold or precious stones and believed to ward off bad luck and evil spirits. Both men and women wore them as stylish jewellery representing spiritual and religious convictions.

Here, we read the story and discovery of this magnificent treasure, which should have belonged to the young Pharaoh, Tutankhamun, by our adorable lady Marie Grillot.

Tutankhamun’s scarab bracelet as a child

via égyptophile

Bracelet decorated with a scarab – gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian, turquoise, quartzite – New Kingdom – 18th Dynasty
from the tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62) discovered in November 1922 by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter
Carter 269-n – JE 62360 – photo from the Egyptian Museum

According to Howard Carter’s estimate, “at least sixty per cent of the finest ‘unattached’ jewellery had disappeared” from Tutankhamun’s tomb, taken by looters who, in antiquity, violated the tomb on at least two occasions.

As terrible as this observation is, we can only rejoice that two hundred jewels have reached us! Made by the best goldsmiths of the Theban workshops, they fill us with their beauty and originality and captivate us with their luxury and brilliance.

Bracelet decorated with a scarab – gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian, turquoise, quartzite – – New Kingdom – 18th Dynasty
from the tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62) discovered in November 1922 by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter
Carter 269-n – JE 62360 – photo from the Egyptian Museum
Featured here in “Tutankhamun: His tomb and his treasures”, IES Edwards, 1976

The symbolism they carry is omnipresent, whether through the motif represented, the properties of the stone used, or even the magical effectiveness linked to the association of colours, all of which combine and charge them with virtues and protective powers.

This gold bracelet with a lapis lazuli scarab is a beautiful example and particularly moves us. Indeed, its small diameter (5.4 cm) and the signs of wear it bears testify to the fact that the young pharaoh wore it in his youth… And the fact that it also accompanies him in his afterlife is just as moving…

Bracelet decorated with a scarab – gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian, turquoise, quartzite – New Kingdom – 18th Dynasty
from the tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62) discovered in November 1922 by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter
Carter 269-n – JE 62360 – photo from the Egyptian Museum
Featured here in “Discovering Tutankhamun”, Zahi Hawass

“A gold and lapis lazuli scarab crowns this bracelet, which is small enough for the child Tutankhamun to wear. On each side of the scarab are inlaid mandrake fruits with sexual connotations and poppies,” explains Zahi Hawass in “Discovering Tutankhamun.”

In “The Wonders of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo”, Silvia Einaudi gives a beautiful description, of which there is an extract: “A hinge and a clasp join the two semicircles that compose it. Its upper part, whose surface gradually widens, supports a large scarab, whose back, reproduced in the most minor details, is formed of inlaid lapis lazuli set in gold sockets and whose abdomen is entirely gold. The legs are executed with precision and realism: the front legs are provided with a five-pointed rostra, while the hind legs end in hooks. The surface on which the insect is fixed is surrounded by a continuous row of tiny gold grains, bordered on the outside by lapis lazuli, gold, turquoise and carnelian segments. The two parts of the bracelet that surmount the hinge and the clasp are occupied by a delicate composition of inlaid floral motifs, which fills the small trapezoidal space in a balanced way: a yellow quartzite flower is flanked by two carnelian buds; two small gold rosettes separate their stems. The lower part of the bracelet is decorated on the outside with four parallel rows of tiny gold grains.

Bracelet decorated with a scarab – gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian, turquoise, quartzite – New Kingdom – 18th Dynasty
from the tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62) discovered in November 1922 by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter
Carter 269-n – JE 62360

In “Jewels of the Pharaohs”, Cyril Aldred analyses the floral motif thus: “The two trapezoidal spacers are filled with a floral design of a mandrake fruit flanked by two poppy buds and daisies”.

In “The Gold of the Pharaohs”, Christiane Ziegler gives us details on the materials and fine stones used, allowing us to better decipher the choice made by the goldsmiths during its design…

First of all, gold, whose brilliance brings it closer to that of the sun… Reputed to be unalterable, it is thus assimilated to the flesh of the gods. As for lapis lazuli, she explains: “In ancient myths, it constituted the beard and hair of the gods and possessed virtues comparable to those of turquoise”. Turquoise “méfékat”, with its luminous blue-green colour, evoked: “the growth of young shoots in spring and was synonymous with vitality and joy. Its presence in funeral equipment undoubtedly conferred on the deceased the joy of rebirth”. As for carnelian “Héréset”, it: “possessed the invigorating virtues of blood” and was thus linked to life…

Bracelet decorated with a scarab – gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian, turquoise, quartzite – New Kingdom – 18th Dynasty
from the tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62) discovered in November 1922 by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter
Carter 269-n – JE 62360 

As for the most essential element, the scarab, finely worked in a deep and luminous blue lapis lazuli, is the symbol of renewal, of rebirth. Its representation is persistent in Egyptian jewellery, especially in the young king’s finery.

In her “Dictionary of Egyptian Mythology”, Isabelle Franco specifies, “The scarab is the bearer of a renewed energy which preludes all existence; it presides over the transformations which lead to all maturity. It is the animal attribute of Khepri. The sign of the scarab is used to write the word kheper, which evokes the idea of ​​birth but also of returning.”

The discoverers of Tutankhamun’s tomb: Lord Carnarvon (left) and Howard Carter, near KV 62
(photo (Harry Burton?) taken between November 1922 and April 1923)

The young king “came back to life” in November 1922, thanks to the perseverance of Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon, who discovered his tomb in the heart of the Valley of the Kings, finally bringing him out of the oblivion the centuries had left him.

The bracelet decorated with a lapis lazuli scarab (Carter 269-n – JE 62360) was
in the wooden box inlaid in the shape of a cartridge (Carter 269 / JE 61490 / GEM 242)
Provenance: The tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62) discovered in November 1922 by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter
The Griffith Institute – Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
The Howard Carter Archives – Photographs by Harry Burton

It took seven long weeks to empty the antechamber, and the official opening of the burial chamber took place on February 17, 1923. On that same day, as they continued their extraordinary exploration, they noticed “A low door, on the right, which gave access to another, smaller room. (…) This door had neither been blocked nor sealed. A single glance was enough to make us understand that it was this which contained the real treasures of the tomb …” (Howard Carter)

This bracelet was found in this room, precisely in a dark wooden box in the shape of a cartouche, whose lid reproduces the name of Tutankhamun in a delicate coloured rebus. Harry Burton’s photos, identified as it, are placed on the ground in front and to the left of the gilded wooden naos protected by the four goddesses.

The bracelet decorated with a lapis lazuli scarab (Carter 269-n – JE 62360) was
in the wooden box inlaid in the shape of a cartridge (Carter 269 / JE 61490 / GEM 242)
Provenance: The tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62) discovered in November 1922 by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter
The Griffith Institute – Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
The Howard Carter Archives – Photographs by Harry Burton

This box, number Carter 269, contained wonders! The various jewels and artefacts it contained received this number, followed by a letter as a reference. Thus, this bracelet received the number “269 n,” and it was then registered in the Journal of Entries of the Cairo Museum JE 62360 … while waiting for the new referencing that will be given to it by the Grand Egyptian Museum, where it will soon be exhibited …

Marie Grillot

Sources:

Egyptian Museum, Cairo – Tutankhamun’s bracelet with a scarab http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/record.aspx?id=15044 Howard Carter, The Tomb of Tutankhamun, Volume 3: The Annex and Treasury, Bloomsbury Academic, 2014 Jean Capart, Tutankhamun, Vromant & Cie Printers-Publishers, 1923 http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5611389t/f60.texte Nicholas Reeves, Tutankhamun, life, death and discovery of a pharaoh, Editions Errance, 2003
Christiane Desroches Noblecourt, Tutankhamun and his time, catalogue of the exhibition Petit Palais, Paris, February 17-July 1967, Ministry of State for Cultural Affairs
Christiane Desroches Noblecourt, Life and Death of a Pharaoh, Hachette, 1963
Zahi Hawass, Discovering Tutankhamun, Editions du Rocher, 2015
Zahi Hawass, Tutankhamun, Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh, exhibition catalogue, IMG Melcher Media, 2018
Francesco Tiradritti, Treasures of Egypt – The wonders of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Gründ, 1999
Cyril Aldred, Jewels of the Pharaohs, Ed. Thames & Hudson Ltd. London, 1978
Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, Tutankhamun: his tomb and his treasures, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977
Christiane Ziegler, The Gold of the Pharaohs – 2500 Years of Goldsmithing in Ancient Egypt, catalogue of the summer 2018 exhibition at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco,
The Griffith Institute – Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation – The Howard Carter Archives – Photographs by Harry Burton http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/php/am-makepage1.php?&db=burton&view=gall&burt=&card=269&desc=&strt=3&what=Search&cpos=51&s1=imagename&s2=cardnumber&s3=&dno=25 Émile Vernier Egyptian jewellery and jewellery, MIFAO, Cairo, 1907 https://archive.org/details/MIFAO2/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/MIFAO2/page/n1/mode/2up Thomas Garnet Henry James, Howard Carter, The path to Tutankhamun, TPP, 1992

Tutankhamun: The Most Short-Term and Mysterious Pharaoh!

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Tutankhamun and his queen, Ankhesenamun
By Tiger Cub – own work, Public Domain,

King Tutankhamun is one of the most famous rulers ever, thanks to Howard Carter‘s 1922 discovery of the pharaoh’s tomb in Egypt’s Valley of the Kings, sponsored by British aristocrat George Herbert. The find stirred the imaginations of millions fascinated by the boy king’s golden-masked mummy.

The throne of Tutankhamun, the Aten depicted above
By Djehouty – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,

He and his tomb are (one of) the most beautiful and, tragically, the most robbed and plundered in ancient Egyptian explorations. No wonder the shining gold and humans’ greed! Nonetheless, the efforts of the good side of humans still try to restore and discover more details of the life of this fascinating man, and they will continue for sure!

Here, we read an exciting story by Marie Grillot and Marc Chartier about a deep investigation and discovery using modern technology.

Tutankhamun: the story continues…

via égyptophile

In November 1922, after ten years of excavations and research in the Valley of the Kings, Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon finally discovered the first step of Tutankhamun’s tomb, which they had been desperately searching for.

Within this KV62, with an area of just over 100 m², a team of the best experts will work on clearing and saving the objects. Some will devote nearly ten years to it, and the whole world, fascinated by this young pharaoh emerging from oblivion, will marvel at the priceless treasures surrounding him for his afterlife.

For more than 90 years, the number of visitors who have entered the pharaoh’s tomb to absorb a small part of his eternity has continued to increase, endangering his survival. The humidity generated by these visits significantly deteriorated the paintings and generated mould, causing significant damage. This led the Antiquities Department to limit the number of daily visits and close access to the site to the public in 2011.

This context, which seemed inevitable, was understood in 2002, and the basis for constructing a replica of the KV62 was studied.

Illustration Factum Arte

The company Factum Arte, founded by the British painter Adam Lowe and based in Madrid, was chosen to build this replica. The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and funds from the European Union partially financed it.

Experts in these new technologies have implemented, used, and piloted innovative techniques, the most advanced of which is 3D. In 2009, for many months, the Factum Arte team invested in the tomb to memorize every centimetre with the highest precision. “The first work consisted of carefully recording the relief of the walls and the sarcophagus with a scanner specially designed for the occasion. Its resolution reached one hundred million points per m². Then, the second stage consisted of photographing the paintings with a very high resolution and faithfully respecting the colours.”

Armed with this data, Factum Arte technicians returned to their premises in Madrid, where they began manufacturing the facsimile in the form of hundreds of high-density polyurethane panels. These were assembled on-site to form the four walls of the mortuary chamber. The inauguration of the “double” tomb took place in April 2014.

And this is where another part of this beautiful story begins…

Egyptian Minister of Antiquities, Mamdouh Al Damati, listening to British Egyptologist Nicholas Reeves,
near the sarcophagus of Tutankhamun – Photo: AFP/ Khaled Desouki

Nicholas Reeves, an English Egyptologist and foremost specialist in Tutankhamun, carefully studies the photos taken by Factum Arte in the burial chamber. This room is the only one in the tomb, and it is decorated with paintings: “rudimentary, classic, of austere simplicity” executed on a plaster coating painted yellow. These paintings reflect the ritual name given to it in antiquity: “the Hall of Gold.” He then noticed reliefs which could be blocked openings overtures onto two rooms unexplored until now. By pushing further his reasoning, he believes that one wall (the north wall) would be Queen Nefertiti’s burial place, while the other (the west wall) would be a storage space.

Nicholas Reeves supports his hypothesis – contested, it is necessary to recall, by other Egyptologists – first of all on his interpretation of the frescoes of the northern wall of the tomb (which represent the young king Tutankhamun performing a funerary ritual for his mother, Queen Nefertiti), then on the fact that Tutankhamun died prematurely, at the age of 19, and that, due to lack of an available tomb, the priests would have taken the decision to reopen Nefertiti’s tomb, ten years after his death, to bury the young king in a hypogeum not provided for him.

Jean-Claude Barré
© http://www.HIP.Institute / Philippe Bourseiller

To verify this hypothesis, the Ministry of Antiquities has given the green light to enter noninvasive and nondestructive techniques onto the scene. First of all, infrared thermography is an operation led by Jean-Claude Barré, who came to Egypt as part of the “Scan Pyramids” mission. Based on images captured regularly over 24 hours, this technique can reveal temperature differences, possibly leading to cavities under a given surface. This was indeed the case in the tomb of Tutankhamun, where such temperature differences were detected through the painted coating of the north wall, without it being possible to determine the exact configuration of a hollow space or, even more so, its content.

After some tests in a tomb whose configuration is already known (the KV5) to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the equipment used, the second series of surveys in Tutankhamun’s tomb was carried out using the radar technique. This device was placed 5 cm from the wall to prevent damage.

During the press conference, held in Luxor on November 28, 2015 late in the morning, at the house of Howard Carter, the Minister of Antiquities, Dr. Mamdouh El-Damaty, announced that the radar scans revealed the existence of a large void, with a long corridor, behind what we now know to be a false wall (a “ruse”, a ploy, intended to thwart possible tomb robbers) in Tutankhamun’s burial chamber. It is helpful to remember that the tomb was robbed several times in antiquity.

Hirokatsu Watanabe
Photo Brando Quilici – National Geographic

Analyzes by Hirokatsu Watanabe, a Japanese radar specialist, also provide evidence of a second door hidden in the adjoining west wall.

The Minister declared, “We previously spoke of a 60 per cent chance that something was behind the walls. But now, reading the first analyses, we can assert a 90 per cent probability.”

He specifies that the data collected will quickly be examined more deeply in Japan.

He then mentioned a possible next step: digging a small hole in the wall (on an unpainted space) of the neighbouring room, called the “Treasure Room,” adjoining the “empty” behind the wall in the burial chamber to introduce a browser camera.

Missing fragments of the wall broken by Carter, photographed by Burton
and reconstituted in the replica of the tomb – photo Marie Grillot

It is unthinkable to risk damaging or deteriorating these painted walls. It is helpful to remember that during the second season of excavation, Howard Carter destroyed part of the scene on the south wall and then recovered the fragments. Still, these practices are no longer used today.

The questions remain and even multiply… But one answer is inevitable: Tutankhamun has not finished being in the spotlight!

Marie Grillot – Marc Chartier

To complete the information:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151126-nefertiti-tomb-tut-egypt-archaeology/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151128-tut-tomb-scans-hidden-chambers/ http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/40/171833/Heritage/Ancient-Egypt/Radar-test-underway-before-search-for-Nefertiti-in.aspx